Nymphalidae

March to October

Korea, Japan, China, Russia, Sri Lanka, the Philippines ans Taiwan

It is around 60~65-millimeter-long when spreading its wings. There is little difference in colors or patterns between males and females, so it is easy to distinguish them with shapes of the end of abdomen. For the species becoming adults in summer, they have the bottom of wings with thin patterns in black, brown and blueish white colors, and whether the color is light or dark is distinguishable. For the species becoming adults in fall, they are dark brown, and whether the color is light or dark is less distinguishable.

They usually emerge twice a year and sometimes three times in southern area. They fly towards sap of oak tree or rotten fruit, and sit on road or branches, but they rarely move towards flowers. They lay their eggs one by one in a leaf or bud of food plants. Caterpillars feed on leaves by making long-ellipse-shaped holes, and become pupae on the back of leaves or branches. Food plants are smilax China and smilax sieboldii, and they survive winter as imagoes.